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📊 Sector Scorecard · Sep 2022 – March 2026

Infrastructure
Impact Report

A verified review of delivery across Kenya's five infrastructure ministries — Roads & Transport, Lands & Housing, ICT & Digital Economy, Water & Irrigation, and Energy & Petroleum — measuring progress from 2022 to 2025.

Government Delivery Unit · Sep 2022 – March 2026
2,669 km+
km new blacktop roads
as at March 2026
260,000+
Affordable housing units
+1,725% from 2022
10M+
More people with water
Coverage up to 74%
23,000+
Gov. services digitized
+6,000% from 350 in 2022
640,000+
New jobs created
Construction & digital
KES 8.2B
Monthly digital revenue
+466% growth
🛣️ Ministry of Roads & Transport
Roads, Rail, Ports & Aviation
Development, operation and maintenance of transport infrastructure systems — roads, railways, ports, and aviation facilities — to support economic growth and improve quality of life.
KeNHAKURAKeRRAKPAKRCNTSAKAA
Road Infrastructure · 2022 – 2025
2,669 km+
New blacktop roads constructed
↑ National highways, urban & rural
132,343 km
Roads maintained across Kenya
KeNHA · KURA · KeRRA
629 km
National highways (KeNHA)
+ 309 km urban · 1,396 km rural
Nairobi Expressway
27.1 km · completed 2024
✓ Dongo Kundu, Kenol-Sagana, W. Bypass
Rail Transport · SGR & MGR Performance
Standard Gauge Railway vs Meter Gauge Railway — 2022 to 2024
Standard Gauge Railway (SGR)
7.05M
Passengers (2024)
↑ Up from 6.4M in 2022 (+10.2%)
996,384
Cargo Tonnes transported via SGR
  • Key routes: Nairobi – Mombasa, Nairobi – Naivasha
Meter Gauge Railway (MGR)
753,173
Passengers (2024)
↓ Down from 869,523 — weather impacts
237,822
Cargo Tonnes transported via MGR
  • Severe rains in 2023/24 caused temporary service disruptions
  • Key routes: Nairobi – Kisumu, Nairobi – Nanyuki
Ports, Maritime & Aviation
2M+ TEUs
Mombasa Port container capacity (2025)
↑ Up from 1.45M TEUs in 2022 (+38%)
2 Days
Ship turnaround time at Mombasa Port
↓ Reduced from 3 days — 33% improvement
Lamu Port Phase 1
3 berths operational · 1.2M TEU capacity
✓ Newly commissioned
11.1M
Air passengers (2023–24)
↑ +5.3% from prior year
293,733
Aircraft movements at Kenyan airports
↑ +4.4% from 2022–23
397,753 t
Cargo transported by air
Airstrip upgrades: Garissa, Migori, Kakamega
Road Safety Index · NTSA
📉Fatality Index (per 10,000 vehicles)
2022 baseline9.54
2025 result9.2 (−3.6%)

Target was 15% reduction. Marginal improvement achieved through NTSA campaigns and traffic enforcement.

🚑Injury Index (per 10,000 vehicles)
2022 baseline35.82
2025 result37.15 (+3.7%)

Target was 15% reduction. Injury index worsened slightly. Enhanced enforcement programs underway.

Achievements & Challenges
✓ Key Achievements
✓
Nairobi Expressway (27.1 km) — completed 2024, transforming urban commuting
✓
Record port throughput — 2M+ TEUs and 33% faster ship turnaround at Mombasa
✓
Lamu Port Phase 1 — 3 berths operational, 1.2M TEU capacity for LAPSSET corridor
✓
SGR ridership up 10.2% — 7.05 million passengers in 2024
✓
Dongo Kundu Bypass with Sea Bridge, Kenol-Sagana-Marua Highway (84 km) commissioned
⚠ Persistent Challenges
!
Road safety targets missed — fatality index only −3.6% against a 15% reduction target
Injury index increased by 3.7%
!
Severe weather impacts — 2023/24 rains disrupted MGR services and deferred 15% of rural road maintenance
!
Climate resilience gap — transport infrastructure requires reinforcement against extreme weather events
!
SGR cargo delays — weather-related logistics disruptions affected cargo transport reliability
Future Outlook · 2025 – 2028
10,000 km
Additional road network expansion planned
Connecting underserved counties and secondary cities
SGR Phase 2B
Extension to Uganda border
Advancing regional integration and trade corridor
14 Cities
Urban development in secondary cities
Integrated transport and urban growth planning
🏘️ Ministry of Lands, Public Works, Housing & Urban Development
Land Services, Housing & Public Works
Management of land resources, development of public infrastructure, facilitation of adequate housing, and promotion of sustainable urban development to improve livelihoods and support economic growth.
State Dept: Lands & Physical Planning State Dept: Public Works State Dept: Housing & Urban Development
Affordable Housing · 2022 – 2025
260,000+
Affordable housing units (2025)
↑ +1,725% from 8,872 units in 2022
640,000+
New jobs created in housing sector
↑ From 17,744 in 2022 (+1,661%)
3,855
Mortgages refinanced
↑ +40% from 2,522 in 2022 via KMRC
KSh 11B
Ring-fenced for Jua Kali & MSMEs
In housing & construction value chain
Social & Economic Impact
1,017
Jua Kali artisans assessed & upskilled
↑ Up from 0 in 2022
79
Modern markets operational (2025)
Down from 185 — strategic consolidation
16
ESP markets (2025)
Reduced from 43 — higher-quality facilities
Land Services Transformation
834,875
Title deeds registered (2022–2025)
↑ Enhanced security of land tenure
111,015
Land parcels geo-referenced
Nairobi: 65,280 · Murang'a: 45,735
2
Counties fully automated (Nairobi, Murang'a)
Mombasa, Kisumu, Nakuru, Uasin Gishu next
Digital Land Registry
Reduced dispute resolution time
↑ Improved investor confidence
Public Works Projects · 2022 – 2025
🌉Footbridges & Jetties
  • Footbridges increased from 6 to 13 — +116.7% growth
  • Enhanced pedestrian safety across major highways and urban centres
  • Mokowe Main Jetty completed — strategic maritime infrastructure for coastal communities
🏛️Seawalls & Government Buildings
  • 186 government buildings completed or supervised — +124% increase, improving public service access across counties
  • Seawall construction refocused: 300m → 150m of targeted coastal protection following environmental impact assessments
Employment Creation Breakdown
👷312,256 Jobs Created — Direct & Indirect
Direct Jobs
  • Construction workers — on-site
  • Site management & supervision
  • Materials supply chain
Indirect Jobs
  • Supply chain & logistics
  • Retail and services
  • Transportation networks
Strategic Initiatives
  • Local materials procurement mandates
  • MSME capacity building programs
  • Preferential contract allocation
Future Outlook · 2025 – 2028
500,000
Additional affordable housing units planned
Target of 1M mortgage holders by 2028
100% LPG
Clean cooking in all affordable housing
Integration with Energy sector for reticulation
47 Counties
Full land registry automation target
Mombasa, Kisumu, Nakuru, Uasin Gishu next in line
💻 Ministry of Information, Communications & the Digital Economy
Digital Superhighway, E-Government & Creative Economy
Development, deployment, and maintenance of digital infrastructure; enhancing digital literacy and inclusion; enabling e-government services; and supporting the growth of Kenya's digital economy.
Digital Superhighway Initiative Digital Inclusion Programs E-Government Services Studio Mashinani
Digital Infrastructure · 2022 – 2025
30,000+ km
Public fiber optic network (2025)
↑ +182% from 7,968 km in 2022
34,168 km
Private fiber network (2025)
Total access: 1,982 digital access points
1,578
Public Wi-Fi hotspots deployed
↑ From 0 in 2022 — markets, parks, institutions
316+
Digital hubs established countrywide
↑ From 0 in 2022 — using existing gov. buildings
23,000+
Government services digitized
↑ +6,000% from 350 in 2022
KES 8.2B
Monthly revenue from digitized services
↑ +466% from KES 1.45B in 2022
Digital Inclusion & Skills
1.69M
Youth trained in digital literacy
↑ +838% from 99,071 in 2022
300,000+
Youth in digital jobs
↑ +201% from 201,804 in 2022
3.5M+
Digital devices manufactured locally
21,372 devices distributed to schools
E-Government Transformation
🏛️Government Digitization Milestones
  • 30+ ministries integrated into digital platforms
  • 96% payment success rate on government e-services
  • −73% processing time reduction for citizens
  • Integrated payment systems, mobile applications, cross-ministry data exchange
  • Revenue collection improved from KES 60M/day to KES 700M–1B/day
🎬Creative Economy — Studio Mashinani
  • Studios expanded from 229 to 834 (+264%)
  • 4,600+ youth supported in creative content production
  • KES 285M in creative economy revenue generated
  • 962 students trained in Mass Media skills (+101% from 478)
  • 774 youth recordings produced (+94% from 398)
Achievements & Challenges
✓ Key Achievements
✓
182% fiber network expansion — 30,000+ km fibre optic laid nationally
✓
6,000% increase in digitized services — 350 → 21,535 government services online
✓
Digital skills for 1.69M youth — 56% of participants were women and girls
✓
Revenue transformation — monthly digital revenue up 466% to KES 8.2B
⚠ Persistent Challenges
!
Rural connectivity gap — 42% of rural areas still lack reliable internet access
Mountainous regions face deployment challenges; last-mile connectivity needs investment
!
Device distribution bottlenecks — only 21,372 of 3.5M+ devices reached schools
Supply chain challenges in remote areas slow education targets
!
Digital literacy coverage gaps — 2.4M youth in underserved areas still unreached
Sustainability of rural digital hubs a concern
Future Outlook · 2025 – 2028
100%
Digital connectivity target by 2028
5,000 additional Wi-Fi hotspots + 10,000 km more fiber
5M
Digitally trained citizens target
Inclusion focus on women, youth & rural communities
KES 8.2B+
Monthly revenue growth trajectory
Continued expansion of digitized services across ministries
💧 Ministry of Water, Sanitation & Irrigation
Water Services, Sanitation & Irrigation
Development, management, and protection of water resources to ensure water security, sanitation services, and irrigation infrastructure for enhanced food security and sustainable economic growth.
Water Resources AuthorityWASREBWSTF National Irrigation AuthorityKVDANCWSC
Water Coverage & Access · 2022 – 2025
6M+
Additional people with clean water access
↑ National coverage increased to 74%
KES 1B
Annual savings from reduced water losses
↓ Non-revenue water reduced from 45% to 44%
108 m³
Per capita water storage (+1%)
Urban sewerage coverage: 16%
Sanitation & Irrigation
40.9%
Managed sanitation access (2025)
↑ +13.9% from 27% in 2022
2.5M
More people with improved sanitation
↑ Improved dignity, health & safety
762,767 Ha
Area under irrigation (2025)
↑ +14.9% since 2022
289,577 t
Rice production (2025)
↑ +50.6% since 2022
Irrigation & Flood Control Infrastructure
🌊Irrigation Expansion
  • Water for irrigation: 170.5M m³ (+32.5% from 2022)
  • 59,232 acres of land reclaimed (+7.7%)
  • 61 km of flood control structures (+73%)
  • Serving 2.5 million more people with improved sanitation
🏗️Major Dam Projects
Thwake Dam — Multipurpose: hydropower, irrigation, water supply94%

Will serve over 1.3 million people · Final construction phase underway

Mwache Dam — 186,000 m³/day for Mombasa & surroundings45%

Delayed by funding challenges · Scheduled completion: 2026

Achievements & Challenges
✓ Key Achievements
✓
6M+ more Kenyans with access to clean water, advancing SDG 6 targets
✓
50.6% rice production increase — irrigation expansion transforming food security
✓
Thwake Dam 94% complete — Kenya's largest multipurpose water project nearing delivery
✓
KES 1B annual savings from non-revenue water reduction via strategic leak detection
✓
Sanitation coverage up from 27% to 40.9% — benefiting 2.5M more Kenyans
⚠ Persistent Challenges
!
Urban sewerage stagnant at 16% despite population growth — environmental & public health risk
Major projects planned for Nairobi, Mombasa & Kisumu (2025–2028)
!
Mwache Dam at only 45% — funding challenges causing construction delays
Scheduled completion pushed to 2026
!
Non-revenue water only marginally improved — from 45% to 44% against a higher reduction target
Future Outlook · 2025 – 2028
90%
National water coverage target by 2028
Up from 74% currently — accelerated pipeline extension
Thwake → 100%
Dam completion — 1.3M people served
Hydropower, irrigation & municipal water supply
Mwache 45→100%
Mombasa water security by 2026
186,000 m³/day · serving 2.5M in Mombasa & surroundings
⚡ Ministry of Energy & Petroleum
Power Generation, Transmission & Petroleum
Development, enhancement, and management of power generation, transmission and distribution infrastructure, and petroleum resources to ensure reliable, affordable, and sustainable energy access for all Kenyans.
KENGENKETRACOKPLC ERCKPCEPRAREA
Power Generation & Connectivity · 2022 – 2025
3,300+ MW
Total power generation capacity (2025)
↑ +5.2% growth with 280MW additional geothermal
10,045,775
Connected electricity customers
↑ +12.6% — last-mile to 1.1M additional households
9,512 km
KETRACO transmission lines
↑ +21.23% from 2022
88,548 km
KPLC distribution network
↑ +7.7% from 2022
Reliability, Smart Metering & Clean Energy
82%
System reliability achieved (target: 70%)
↑ +18% improvement reducing outages
865,000
Smart meters deployed
↑ 42% improvement in revenue collection efficiency
73%
Electricity from renewable sources
↑ Geothermal, solar, wind & hydro
Petroleum Sector — Pipeline & LPG
Pipeline Efficiency vs LPG Storage & Clean Cooking — 2022 to 2025
Pipeline Performance
1,300 m³/hr
Pipeline flow rate (2025)
↑ +36.8% from 2022
0.19 KES
Demurrage cost per litre (2025)
↓ −75.5% from 0.79 KES in 2022
  • Modernized pumping stations across network
  • Reduced port congestion via improved offloading
LPG Storage & Clean Cooking
36,950 MT
National LPG capacity (2025)
↑ +270% from 10,000 MT in 2022
1,080
Affordable housing units with LPG reticulation
+ 20 schools with clean cooking gas
Achievements & Challenges
✓ Key Achievements
✓
10M+ electricity connections — 12.6% growth in connected customers nationwide
✓
82% system reliability — surpassed 70% target, 18% improvement in reducing outages
✓
75.5% reduction in demurrage costs — major efficiency gain for petroleum sector
✓
270% LPG storage growth — 10,000 MT to 36,950 MT, enhancing clean cooking access
✓
865,000 smart meters deployed — 42% improvement in revenue collection efficiency
⚠ Ongoing Initiatives & Challenges
!
Rural distribution costs remain high — last-mile connectivity challenge for 1.1M additional households
!
Grid integration for renewables — intermittent renewable sources require storage and grid upgrades
!
High initial investment for underground cabling and climate-proofing of energy assets
Emergency response time improved to under 3 hours
Future Outlook · 2025 – 2028
4,000 MW
Power generation capacity target
12,000 km total transmission lines by 2028 via KETRACO
1,200 MW
Additional renewable energy capacity
Geothermal, solar & wind expansion under climate strategy
100% LPG
Coverage in all affordable housing units
Community LPG distribution centres expanding nationwide